Dynamics of contention in the gig economy: Rage against the platform, customer or state?

Protest in the gig economy has taken many forms and targets (platforms, customers state officials). However, researchers are yet to adequately account for this diversity. We use a European survey of Upwork PeoplePerHour platform workers investigate worker orientation towards different protest. Results reveal that anger, dependence digital communication shape contention remote economy. Support collective organisation is associated with anger at platforms as well their on other workers. Individual action against clients but not dependence. regulation only or communication. conclude relational approach entailed by Mobilisation Theory can aid explanation shedding light dynamic process which solidarity alter perceived cost/benefits particular remedies injustice.